Jarczów
Polska / lubelskie
 | Synagogues, prayer houses and others |  | Cemeteries |  | Places of martyrology |  | Judaica in museums |  | Other |
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History
kristen.walker3
The first Jews came to Jarczów probably in the second half of the 18th century at the time when the settlement was granted city rights.
In 1827 Jarczów counted 206 inhabitants, in 1857 – 198 inhabitants (among them 185 Jews, that is 93% of the population), in 1886 there were 330 inhabitants (303 Jews, that is 91%).
In the beginning of the 20th century Kazimierz Ligowski, an heir of Korhyń took actions with the aim of increasing the population of the village. He campaigned for the people of Galicja to settle in Jarczów. As a result in 1921 Jarczów counted altogether 956 inhabitants with 21% of Jews (208).
As Franciszek from kolonia Jarczów settlement remembers in the inter-war period :
[...]Polish-Jewish relations were friendly and free from hostility. They were not as kind and warm as relations with Ukrainians though. Relations with Jews were of material nature, based on trade and exchange. Jews would lend money, give goods on credit but they would always request an egg, a chicken, a packet of butter in exchange. Still, Jews would always help. Acts of hooliganism happened from time to time. Once, a 16 year old smeared a beard of a Jew – Jojna with lard. How the Jew cried and grieved after it! When Jews used to organise a dancing party, they would let Polish boys dance with Jewish girls.[...].
After the outbreak of the Second World War Germans began persecuting Jewish inhabitants of Jarczów. Mr M. recalls: One morning, during occupation I was woken up by the sounds of shooting. I went out and ran about 200 meters south to the point from where I could see meadows and piles of drying peat. I could easily see people running between the piles now and then. Germans shot often, and often people fell to the ground. Germans were shooting Jews like ducks.
On 22 May 1942 the Germans deported the Jews of Jarczów to the extermination camp in Bełżec. The Jewish community in Jarczów then ceased to exist.
Local history
yarek shalom
The first mention of the existence of Jarczów (Konwica) date back to 1487. In 1569 Andrzej Jarczowski was the co-owner of the village. Jarczów remained a possesion of the Jarczowscy family until mid 18th century. At that time Maurycy Kurdwanowski – a cavalry captain and district prefect in Bełżec, became the owner of the settlement. By his initiative Jarczów was granted city rights in 1755.
In 1772 Jarczów became a part of Austrian territory as a result of the Partition of Poland. In 1809 the city was included in the Duchy of Warsaw, and since 1815 Jarczów has been a part of Kingdom of Poland (Congress Poland).
In 1841 the city was destroyed by a great fire. In 1846 Jarczów went into the hands of the Count O'Donnel who resided permanently in Vienna. Count Łoś acted as his proxy. After 1850 the city of Jarczów became a possesion of the Makomascy family.
During the January Uprising at night of 24 to 25 October 1863 a fierce battle took place in Jarczów. Uprising horsemen troops under the command of major Czyżewicz opposed Cossack troops, which were defeated in the end.
In 1896 Jarczów lost its city rights. Nevertheless a communal office was still seated in the village.
One class Polish school was created in Jarczów after the First World War. It functioned in a private house and had only one teacher – Kazimierz Chmielowski. Thanks to Kazimierz Ligowski a new school buildning, communal office building and a mill were built in Jarczów in the inter-war period. It was a period of economic growth for the settlement.
When the Second World War broke out, on the 09.23.1939 fierce Polish-German fights took place in the vicinity of Jarczów on the 09.23.1939 . Between 22-24th of May 1941 the Nazis shot to death 13 inhabitants of Jarczów. The village was liberated from German occupation on the 21st of July 1944.
Summary
| Province: | lubelskie / lwowskie (before 1939) |
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| County: | tomaszowski / tomaszowski (before 1939) |
| Community: | Jarczów / (before 1939) |
| Other names: | Yartchovka [jidysz] יארצ'וב [j. hebrajski] Yarchuv Ярчув [j. rosyjski] |
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Location
yarek shalom
Communal village of Jarczów is situated in Tomaszowski Administrative District in Lubelskie Province. It counts 876 inhabitants (2008).
It is set on the Szyszła river on the border of Grzęda Sokolska and Pobuże geographical regions.
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