History

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It is likely that Jews started to settle down in Annopol as early as the start of the 17^th century, though the oldest documents confirming their presence in the town date from as late as the 18^th century. According to the 1787 records the town was inhabited by 106 Jews who made up approx. 44% of the total population of the town. Most of the Jews of Annopol were grain and cattle traders, alcohol producers, inn, salt storage depots leaseholders, craftsmen and usurers. It is unknown when a separate community was established here – different sources give different dates for the occurrence of the fact (between the 16^th and 18^th centuries.).

To the north-west of the Market Place there was a synagogue square where a synagogue stood with a nearby Jewish cemetery. In the 19^th century there were as many as two synagogues, one built in stone, the other one in wood; toward the end of the century a new cemetery was established outside the limits of the town. The duties of a rabbi were performed in turn by: Nachman Rubinstein (1828-1878), Elimelech Rubinstein (1878-1923) and Nachman Baruch Rubinstein. The community developed quickly in the 19^th century, and the Jews played a significant role in the economic and social center. There were many Jewish craftsmen (mostly tailors and shoemakers), stores and manufacturing and service businesses in the town. More than that, there was also a Jewish hospital funded and financed by the most affluent Annopol’s residents. The town was known at the time as the center of Torah studies.

In the mid-19^th century the town authorities issued a decree banning the Jews from wearing traditional garments, side locks and beards. Jewish schools and a hospital were closed. The situation led to numerous protests on the part of the local Jewish population and caused ant-Jewish riots. As a result of these events, as well as of the deteriorating economic situation, toward the end of the 19^th century, Jews started to out-migrate from Annopol and headed for larger cities and overseas.

Interwar period

Annopol of the interwar-period was a typical shtetl inhabited mostly by Jews. Despite extremely hard economic conditions caused by the aftermath of World War I, demographically, the Annopol community developed

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Local history

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The first reference to the existence of Annopol comes from 1724. The town was founded on the grounds of Rachów village before 1740 by Castellan of Wiślica and Starosta of Sieradz – Jan Tomasz Morsztyn. At that time, the town was called Rachów. In 1761, the then owner of Rachów – Antoni Jabłonowski –received a town privilege from King Augustus III of Poland. Jabłonowski gave the town the name Annopol in commemoration of his late wife – Anna. A location privilege from 1761 is accepted as a definititive date of Annopol‘s origin. However, until the second half of the 18th century, it was still called Rachów.

After the Third Partition of Poland, in 1795 Annopol became a part of the Ausrian Partition. In 1809, the town was in the Duchy of Warsaw, in 1815 in the Kingdom of Poland.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, Annopol was an important place of corn trade, which was floated down the Vistula River. At the beginning of the 19th century the population of Annopol numbered 431. In 1869 it lost city rights. Towards the end of the 19th century there were 1,400 inhabitants in Annopol.

During the First World War, there were fierce battles between the armies of Russia and Austria in Annopol.

During the Second World War, in September 1939, Polish detachments fought the attacking German troops in the region of Annopol. It was then that the bridge over the Vistula was blown up.

Annopol regained city rights on 1.1. 1996.
 

After the war, the town was reconstructed and it recovered from war devastation. The 1950s saw a fast development of the center, which was the result of such enterprises as the opening of a phosphorite mine. In 1975-1998 the town was in the administrative limits of the Province of Tarnobrzeg.

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Summary

Location

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Annopol is located in Kraśnik County, in the Lublin Province. According to data of 2008, the population of Annopol numbered 2.654.

It lies on the Southwestern periphery of Lublin Upland, near the Vistula River . 

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