History
Jewish community before 1989 – Polska / kujawsko-pomorskie
The first evidence of Jewish presence in Osięciny can be traced back to the end of the 18th century. In 1779, nine Jews who made their living running an inn and premises licensed to sell alcohol beverages lived in Jarantowice, a village belonging to the Osięciny parish. 181 Catholics and 11 Jews inhabited the area of the Osięciny parish in 1791. In accordance with the local privilege from 1823, the Jews were permitted only to take up residence and buy parcels on Żydowska and Radziejowska Streets. In the interwar period they lived for the most part on the same streets but under different names. On Haller Street, together with their families, there lived the following people: Szmul Wajsman (merchant), Gedalie Szywczak (baker), Aron Chojnacki (merchant), Lajzer Markowski (shoemaker), Pikus Anszułowski (trader), Mojsze Osiński (merchant), Jankiel Nutkiewicz (merchant), Majer Lautenberg (glazier), Manes Gutowski (butcher), Abram Eliasz Gutowski (agent), Joel Bornsztein (teacher), Rewel Lautenberg (glazier), Matys Drobiński (merchant), Szlama Menche (whitesmith), Icek Hersz Trajber (cap maker), Zołza Brzustowski (cap maker), Symche Marek (tailor), Hersz Majer Chojnacki (butcher), Moszek Berkowicz (butcher), Wolf Ber Wojdysławski (merchant), David Szymon Bryl (kupiec), on Kościuszki Street: Uszer Gdański (merchant), Szmul Icek Najnburg (barber), Aron Nutkiewicz (baker), Dwojra Drobińska (merchant), Kałme Markowicz (merchant), Ryfka Brodnicka (merchant), Chaim Frejlich (slaughterer), Szyja Moszek Gutowski (tailor), Dyna Borensztejn (merchant), Lejb Makowiecki (tailor), Icek Anszułowski (barber), Hersz Szatan (merchant), Berek Chojnacki, Mojżesz Chojnacki (butcher), Chana Ryfka Olewska (trader), Wolf Czerniak (shoemaker), Boruch Hofer (merchant), Mojsze Wołkowicz (trader), Sura Ryfka German (widow), Icek Walter (watchmaker), Icek Sztajnbok (shoemaker), Benjamin Rozental (baker), Hersz Lejb Rozental (baker), Rojza Abramowicz (merchant), Abram Noech Nejman (rabbi), Pikus Żytnik (sub rabbi), Rywen Hersz Goldsztejn (baker), Jacob Walter (merchant), Tauba Cyrla Wesołowska (widow), Israel Wolf Erlich (teacher), Mojsze Śliwka (tailor), Juda lejb Epsztajn (sole maker), Hiler Chojnacki (butcher), Frydman Sztama (trader), Efraim Aronowski (merchant), the Independence Square: Chil Zajdel (merchant), Henoch Nelkin (merchant), Chaskiel Zyngier (merchant), Menachem Leszczyński (shoemaker), Rachel Działoszyńska (merchant), Hersz Nejman (merchant), Estera Małka Markowicz (merchant), Lejb Anszułowski (merchant), Lejzor Anszułowski (merchant), Gusen Josek Cykiert (merchant), Icek Markowicz (tailor), Ide Markowicz (tailor), Abrak Josek Lubraniecki (worker), Hersz Wołek Markowicz (tailor), Kasryel Jakub Markowicz (tailor), Icek Markowicz (tailor), Jakub Topolski (merchant), Gerszon Poznański (merchant), Icek Wartski (merchant), Cyrla Tauba Nejman (merchant), Abram Leszczyński (tradesman), Abram David Makowiecki (tailor), Jacob Krotoszyński (tailor), Szlama Rajchert (baker), Jacob Rajchert (locksmith), Moszek Rajchert (driver), Kilińskiego Street: Awner Głowiński (merchant), Majer David Głowiński (merchant) and Szlama Frydman (merchant)[1.1].
During the 1850s and 1860s an independent Jewish community was established. In 1860, a synagogue district with three rabbis already existed in Osięciny. The community possessed a cemetery, a brick multi-storied synagogue with metal roofing, a brick bath house, which neighbored the temple, a wooden cheder (religious school for boys), wooden building covered with a tiled roof (one part of it was intended for a rabbi, the other one was a house of prayer) with a brick extended apartment for the rabbi, and a brick house for the synagogue attendant. All the buildings save the cemetery were situated at Kościuszki Street on 615 m2 plot. The 2800 m2 cemetery with an earthen warden’s dwelling was about 1 km away from the settlement located on a hill at the road to Wieniec. In 1939, the value of the plots was estimated at 1,452 zlotys, whereas the value of the buildings was at 14,075 zlotys. According to some other calculations, the immovables connected with religious observance were priced at 1,331 zlotys, while the immovables with no relation to it - at 1,998 zlotys. The debt was 3,300 zlotys[1.2].
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[1.1] Jan Cybertowicz, Jarosław Kołtuniak, Z dziejów..., p. 177-184.
[1.2] Tomasz Kawski, Inwentarze gmin żydowskich z Pomorza i Wielkopolski wschodniej w latach 1918/20-1939, „Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej”, 2006, no. 3-4, p. 75; Tomasz Kawski, Małomiasteczkowe judaica z Kujaw(XVIII-XX w.), „Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej”, 1999, no. 3-4, p. 454-464.
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