History
Jewish community before 1989 – Polska / lubelskie
The first Jews came to Jarczów probably in the second half of the 18th century at the time when the settlement was granted city rights.
In 1827 Jarczów counted 206 inhabitants, in 1857 – 198 inhabitants (among them 185 Jews, that is 93% of the population)[1.1], in 1886 there were 330 inhabitants (303 Jews, that is 91%)[1.2].
In the beginning of the 20th century Kazimierz Ligowski, an heir of Korhyń took actions with the aim of increasing the population of the village. He campaigned for the people of Galicja to settle in Jarczów. As a result in 1921 Jarczów counted altogether 956 inhabitants with 21% of Jews (208).
As Franciszek from kolonia Jarczów settlement remembers in the inter-war period :
[...]Polish-Jewish relations were friendly and free from hostility. They were not as kind and warm as relations with Ukrainians though. Relations with Jews were of material nature, based on trade and exchange. Jews would lend money, give goods on credit but they would always request an egg, a chicken, a packet of butter in exchange. Still, Jews would always help. Acts of hooliganism happened from time to time. Once, a 16 year old smeared a beard of a Jew – Jojna with lard. How the Jew cried and grieved after it! When Jews used to organise a dancing party, they would let Polish boys dance with Jewish girls.[...][1.3].
After the outbreak of the Second World War Germans began persecuting Jewish inhabitants of Jarczów. Mr M. recalls: One morning, during occupation I was woken up by the sounds of shooting. I went out and ran about 200 meters south to the point from where I could see meadows and piles of drying peat. I could easily see people running between the piles now and then. Germans shot often, and often people fell to the ground. Germans were shooting Jews like ducks[1.4].
On 22 May 1942 the Germans deported the Jews of Jarczów to the extermination camp in Bełżec. The Jewish community in Jarczów then ceased to exist[1.5].
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[1.1] J. Górak, Miasta i miasteczka Zamojszczyzny, Zamość 1990, s. 53.
[1.2] M. Bury, U źródeł..., s. 23.
[1.3] M. Bury, U źródeł..., s. 18.
[1.4] M. Bury, U źródeł..., s. 18.
[1.5] Jarczow, Pinkas Hakehillot Polin, http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/pinkas_poland/pol7_00267.html, [as of 26 XI 2008].
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